Internal combustion engine



Sept 22, 1931- .1. w. KABITZKE 1,823,903

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Orign'al Filed April 11, 1928 Patented Sept.22, 1931 UNITED 'STATES `JOHN' IKABI'JIZKIE,V OF CHICAGO, ILLINOISINTERNAL rooivnsusrroN ENGINE Application led April 11, 1928,*Seria1 No.269,045. Renewedllebruary 9, 1931.

of operating parts and is simple in construction in that it dispenseswithseparately op- 4l-0 erable or independent valves.

Another object of the invention` is to pro-l videV an engine'of theaforementioned type embodying ay fanwhich is mounted on the crank shaftand is operative to draw gaseous fuel from a carburetor and force itunder pressure'to tlieintakeportsfor the combustion chamber. f V

A Vfurther obj ect:A of the invention is to provide an internalcombustion yengine which is of new and improved construction and iseilicient in operation.l V of Other objects-will beapparent from thefollowing detaileddescription. t

The invention consists inthe several novel features hereinafter setforth andmore particularly defined by the claims at theconclusionhereof. Y Y

In the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification ordisclosure and in which like numerals of reference Ide# nOtecorresponding orlike parts throughout the several views:

Figure l'is a longitudinalsection'of an engine embodying the invention,showing the piston at the end of its down ory power stroke and theintake and exhaust ports intheir open position; ,Y j

Figure 2 is a view similarto Figure 1, showing the piston in itsalternative position and the intake and exhaustports closed; l

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken on line 3 3 of Figure 1;; Y l lFigure 4 is a cross section taken on line 4 4 of Figure 1; and l Figure5 isY across section taken on line 5 5 of Figure l. The inventionisexemplified in an internal combustion engine of the two-'cycle type com#prising a shaft 6 which is lcarried by a crankcase 7 consisting of anupper sectionv Sand a lower section9;" a casing l0 having a cyl'- inder11 formed'therein; and a piston 12 which is mounted to slide in thecylinderll and is connected'by a pitman 13 to a crank 14 onvthe lshaft6. The casinglO andthe crank-case 7 are connected together in super#posed relation by bolts 15a which extend through abutting flangeslswhich are formed enf the members respectively. The crankshaft iskjournalled in a ypair of bearings 16 which are mounted insemi-cylindrical sockets 17. The latter are cast in the contiguous partsof the end walls of the case-sections 8 and 9. A ily wheel 18 is ixedlysecured to one end of the shaft 6 by a key 19 or anyother suitablemeans.

The casing 10 consists of an inner wall-20 and an outerswall 21. Thelatter extends from the top ofthe casing to the lower central portionand is spaced from the wall l20 t by a bottom wall 22 to form an annularwater jacket 10a around thecylinder 11.l The top. of the casing isclosed by a head 23 which consists of an' outer cylindrical wall 24 andan inner wall 25.` These" last mentioned walls extend longitudinallyintothe working cylinder and are spaced apart to form a water jacket 26.LThe wall 23 is spaced inwardlyf from the wall 20 and the upper endthereof-e'xtends outwardly and lits Y 'against the toprwall 27 whichjoins the casing walls 2O and 21.v The upper end of 'the inner wall ofhead 23. extends Voutwardly andV is connected tothe marginal portion ofthe outer wall by' an integral connecting member or web 28 The head isheld in yplace by means of bolts 29 which are anchored or threaded tothe upper cross wall 27. The latter and the contiguous marginal yportionof the wall 24 have registering openings formed therein so that thejackets 1()a and 26 communi-V cate with each other. Water is circulatedythroughV these jackets in any suitable manner so as to prevent thecasing 9 from becoming overheated. The lower ends of the walls 24 and25. extend inwardly to form the top element 30 of the combustionchamber; A

spark* plug 31 for igniting thefuel in said chamber extends through andis-threaded 0 this element.' l

A series of fuel inlet ports 32 are formed in the upper portion of thecasing beneath the lower extremity of the head 23. Fuel is forced underpressure into the combustion chamber through these ports by means of afan wheel 33 which is mounted on one end of the shaft 6. This fanoperates in a cylindrical casing 34 which is supported in place from thecrank-case 7 and has an inlet 35. The latter is connected by a pipe'36to receive gaseous fuel from a carburetor (not shown) which may be ofany well known or suitable construction `that operates to vapor- I izegasoline or any other liquid fuel. rI`he lao fan casing '34 is providedwith an outlet 37 which is connected tothe inlet ports by aconduit 38. fThe upper end of this. conduit is in the form of .a ring which extends.completely around the cylinder casing. vA characteristic of utilizingra conduit having a ring discharge of this character is that thel gaseousfuel is heated by the water jacket as it encircles the .casing prior topassing through theinlet ports. .This facilitates combustion and-increases the .efficiency of the engine. During rotation of thecrank-shaft 6, the fanwlieel 33 draws the vaporized fuel through thepipe V36 and inlet 35, compresses it by centrifugal force and thenforces it un- .der `pressure to the inlet ports 32 by way of the outlet37 and conduit 38. In this manner, the fuel is delivered under pressureto the combustion chamber.

' There are preferably four fuel inlet ports and these are arranged inpairs which are disposed. diametrically opposite each other. Insteadofthe usual poppet or sleeve valves,

va. cylindrical skirt 39 is provided for closing the inlet ports. Thisskirt is formed integrally with the piston so that it reciprocatestherewith. It projects upwardly from the head 4Q of the pistonand theupper end thereof fits around the outer wall of the head 23. The pistonhead 40 and thehead-element 30 together'w'ith the skirt form thecombustion chamber of the engine. lihen the piston reciprocates inresponse to explosions produced by the sparking of the plug 3l the skirtslides .back and forth or telescopes between Ythe Youter wall 24 of thehead and the adjacent portion of the casing walls 20. v Inlet ports 41are formed inthe upper `end of the skirt and are so positioned that theyregister with the ports 32 so as to permit of the entry of fuel tothe-combustion chamber when the piston is at the end of its power stroke(Figure 1). A packing'ring 42 is provided in the outer periphery of thewall 24 to prevent the escape. of gas between the. skirt and'head. Thehead 40 Vof the piston also has packing rings .to prevent the escape ofgas and to seal the cylinder l1.A

.A series of exhaust ports 43 are formed inY y the lower end of theskirt 39 and are adapted to pass into registry with exhaust ducts44rtheexhaust-ports to open slightly in advance of the inlet ports.Consequently the new charge of fuel is not retarded or repulsed bythegasi-n the combustion ,chamberl having an equal or greater pressure.lWhen .the piston completes .its power ystroke all of .the ports are opennviomentarily and the incoming chargeforcesthe remaining products ofcombustionout through the exhaust ports. The intake and exhaust portsare so formed and .arranged that they Aare closed before the new fuelhas an opportunity-to escape fromV the combustion chamber through the nexhaust ports and ducts. YTheV small amount of burned gas that remainsin the combustion chamber during the compression stroke of thepiston isnot suicientto damper or retard ignition. VThe p'lug 31V is controlledto produce .a spark betweenitsl electrodesfat the proper instant byV anysuitable mechanism. There are preferably VYfour exhaustports 43 andthese are'alranged 'in'.oppositely facing pairs whichA are disposed outVof alignment 00 Awith or between the pairs of inlet ports 41 Inoperation, the .shaft 6 isfinitially rotated 105 by a starter or crank.This causes Ythe fanwheel 23 to draw vaporized fuel from the carburetorand force it under 'pressure to the inlet ports 32. V-Vhile the vports41 are momentarily in registry with the ports 32l the 1.10 fuel which isunder pressure by reason of the action of the fan-wheel passes to thecombustion chamber. the pistonv travels upwardly, the fuel is compressedbetween the heads 40 and 30. At the end of the compres- 115 sion stroke,theV plug 31 is rendered operative to ignite the fuel and force thepiston dow-nwardly. As the end of the power stroke is reached the.exhaust ports 43 von .the skirt 39'are brought into partial registrywith 1:0 the ducts 44. This releases the pressure in the combustionchamber, permits the products of combustion .to be exhausted through theaforementioned openingsior ports, and releases the pressure .inthecombustion cham- B5 ber, prior to the opening of the inlet ports.

it forces the burned gases towards the bottom of the skirt and outthrough the exhaust ports, thereby scavenging the combustion chamber.Before the new supply of gaseous fuel has an opportunity to escape thepiston is started on its up stroke in response to the action of theily-wheel 18 and shifts the ports out of registry. Since the fan-wheel33 is mounted on the crank-shaft it is manifest that as the carburetoris adjusted to increase the percentage of fuel with respect to the airand thus accelerate or increase the rotational speed of the engine, thefuel is placed under greater pressure within the fan-casing. Ittherefore results that the pressure of the fuel is proportional to thespeed of the engine.

The engine disclosed herein embodies but three moving parts.Consequently the cost of manufacture is extremely low as compared toother types of two-cycle engines.r Furthermore the possibility of theengine becoming inoperative dueto worn out or broken parts is materiallyreduced. j

While the invention has been illustrated in connection with a singlecylinder, it is to be understood that it may be embodied in an engine ofthe multi-cylinder type. It-should also be understood that the inventionis not to be restricted to the details set forth, since these may bemodied within the scope of the appended claims, without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the' invention.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

l. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of` acasing-member having a cylinder formed therein and` provided with meansforming inlet and exhaust ports communicating with said cylinder, a

shaft, a piston slidable in one end of the cylinder and connected toimpart rotary movement to the shaft, a head extendingl longitudinallyinto the other end of the slidable in one end of the cylinder andconlgral with the casing forming a fuel inlet port for the cylinderadjacent and inwardly of the head,rmeans integral with the casingforming an exhaust port for the cylinder adjacent the said one endthereof, said exhaust port being longitudinally offset with respect tothe inlet port, a skirt secured to the head portion of the pistonslidable around the head and forming, together with said head and headportion, a combustion chaluber, said skirt having an inlet and exhaustport formed therein tov register respectively with the inlet and exhaustports of the casing when the piston is at the end of its power stroke,said inlet and exhaust ports in the skirt being longitudinally offsetrelatively to each other similarly to the ports of the casing.l f YSigned at Chicago, Illinois, this 31st day of March, 1928.

JOHN W. KABITZKE.

cylinder, and a skirt-member secured to the head portion of the pistonslidable around the head and forming, together with said head and headportion, a combustion chamber, said skirt-member having inlet andexhaust ports formed therein to register respectively with the ports inthe casing-member when the piston is at the end of its power strke, theexhaust ports of the casing and skirt members being offset or staggeredi relatively to the inlet ports of said members so that the ports of theskirt-member nearest the head portion of the piston are capable, duringthe compression stroke, of passing by the inlet and exhaust .ports ofthecasing-member without the exhaust ports of one member registering withthe inlet Y ports of the other member.

2. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of acasing having a cylinder kformed therein, a shaft, a piston

